What Is Periodontal (Gum) Disease?
Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the gums and the structures that support your teeth, and it is one of the most common dental conditions in adults. At Distinctive Smiles of Baton Rouge, LLC, we work hard to prevent, diagnose, and treat gum disease early, helping patients in Baton Rouge, LA protect their teeth and their overall health.
Request an AppointmentHow Gum Disease Develops
Gum disease is caused by the bacteria in our mouths, which constantly form a sticky film called plaque on the teeth. Without routine brushing and flossing, plaque continues to build up and hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. As bacteria accumulate along and below the gumline, they trigger inflammation and infection.
The Stages of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis: The earliest stage, marked by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. Gingivitis is reversible with professional cleanings and good home care.
- Periodontitis: Infection spreads below the gumline, creating pockets between the gums and teeth and beginning to damage the supporting bone.
- Advanced periodontitis: Significant bone and tissue loss can cause teeth to loosen, shift, or fall out.
Common Symptoms
People with periodontal disease may have red, swollen gums that bleed easily, persistent bad breath, sensitive teeth that make eating uncomfortable, receding gums, and loose or missing teeth. Learn more on our signs and symptoms of periodontal disease page.
Risk Factors
- Inconsistent brushing and flossing
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes and other systemic conditions
- Hormonal changes, including pregnancy
- Certain medications that cause dry mouth
- Genetics and family history
How We Diagnose Gum Disease
We diagnose periodontal disease by examining your teeth and gums during your routine exam. A small probe measures the depth of the pockets around each tooth, and digital X-rays reveal any bone loss.
Treatment Options
A thorough professional cleaning removes tartar from above and below the gumline. For more advanced cases, scaling and root planing, antibacterial mouth rinses or gels, antibiotics, and laser gum therapy may be recommended. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to treat deep pockets of infection. Visit our periodontal treatment page for details.
Keeping Gum Disease from Returning
Once gum disease is under control, good home care and regular maintenance visits help keep it from coming back. Because gum disease is linked to conditions like heart disease and diabetes, healthy gums also support your overall health through the mouth-body connection.
If you are concerned that you may have periodontal disease, contact us today at (225) 218-9218. We will get you in for an examination as soon as possible.
Periodontal Disease FAQs
What causes periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease is caused by plaque bacteria that build up on the teeth and harden into tartar, leading to inflammation and infection of the gums.
Is gum disease common?
Yes. Periodontal disease is very common among adults, and many people do not realize they have it because early stages are often painless.
Can gum disease be reversed?
Gingivitis can usually be reversed with professional cleanings and good home care. Periodontitis can be controlled, but lost bone and tissue do not fully regenerate on their own.
How is gum disease diagnosed?
We examine your gums, measure pocket depths with a small probe, and use digital X-rays to check for bone loss.
Can gum disease cause tooth loss?
Yes. Advanced periodontal disease destroys the bone and tissue that support your teeth and is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
Is gum disease contagious?
The bacteria that contribute to gum disease can be shared through saliva, but whether someone develops the disease depends on their oral hygiene and risk factors.
How can I prevent gum disease?
Brush twice a day, floss daily, avoid tobacco, and visit us regularly for cleanings and exams.